How to encode a byte sequence to a Base64 string using the TO_BASE64() function?

TO_BASE64(bin) is a MySQL built-in function that encodes a byte sequence to a Base64 string. For example:

SELECT FROM_BASE64('RllJ'), TO_BASE64('FYI');
  -- +---------------------+------------------+
  -- | FROM_BASE64('RllJ') | TO_BASE64('FYI') |
  -- +---------------------+------------------+
  -- | FYI                 | RllJ             |
  -- +---------------------+------------------+

SELECT FROM_BASE64('My4xNA=='), TO_BASE64(3.14);
  -- +-------------------------+-----------------+
  -- | FROM_BASE64('My4xNA==') | TO_BASE64(3.14) |
  -- +-------------------------+-----------------+
  -- | 3.14                    | My4xNA==        |
  -- +-------------------------+-----------------+

SELECT TO_BASE64('FYI'), TO_BASE64(X'465949'), X'465949';
  -- +------------------+----------------------+-----------+
  -- | TO_BASE64('FYI') | TO_BASE64(X'465949') | X'465949' |
  -- +------------------+----------------------+-----------+
  -- | RllJ             | RllJ                 | FYI       |
  -- +------------------+----------------------+-----------+

Reference information of the TO_BASE64() function:

TO_BASE64(bin): b64
  Converts the binary argument to base-64 encoded form and returns the
  result as a character string with the connection character set and
  collation. The result is NULL if the argument is NULL.

Arguments, return value and availability:
  bin: Required. The binary sequence.
  b64: Return value. The Base64 string.
  Available since MySQL 5.7.

Related MySQL functions:

• FROM_BASE64() - Base64 Decoding

⇒ TRIM() - Trimming String

⇐ SUBSTRING_INDEX() - Substring in Delimited String

⇑ MySQL Functions on Character String Values

⇑⇑ MySQL Function References