General MySQL Oracle SQL Server

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Command-Line End User Interface 'mysql'
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on Command-Line End User Interface "mysql"? Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team on Command-Line End User Interface "mysql". Clear answers are provided with tutorial exercises on mysql co... 2018-04-28, 2800🔥, 0💬

"mysql" Command Line Options in MySQL
What Are the "mysql" Command Line Options in MySQL? "mysql" offers a big list of command line options. Here are some commonly used options: "-?" - Displays a help message on how to use "mysql" and terminates the program. "-u userName" - Specifies a user name for the server to authenticate when conne... 2018-04-28, 2794🔥, 0💬

Loading Data Files with "mysqlimport" Command in MySQL
How To Load Data Files into Tables with "mysqlimport" in MySQL? If you want to load a data file directly into a table, you need to prepare the data file as one line per data row, and use tab character as the column delimiter. The data file name should match the target table name. The following is a ... 2018-04-28, 2635🔥, 0💬

Returning Query Output in XML Format in MySQL
How To Return Query Output in XML Format in MySQL? By default, "mysql" returns query output in text table format. If you want to receive query output in XML format, you need to use the "-X" command option. Here is a good tutorial exercise: &gt;cd \mysql\bin &gt;mysql -u root -X test mysql&am... 2018-04-21, 2898🔥, 0💬

Introduction to SQL Basics in MySQL
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on Introduction to SQL Basics in MySQL? Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team on Introduction to SQL Basics in MySQL. Clear answers are provided with tutorial exercises on character and nu... 2018-04-21, 2637🔥, 0💬

DDL Commands Supported in MySQL
How Many SQL DDL Commands Are Supported by "mysql" in MySQL? There are 4 SQL Data Definition Language (DDL) commands that are supported by "mysql". They are listed below with short descriptions: "CREATE dataObjectType dataObjectName" - Creates new databases, tables, views, triggers, indexes, and oth... 2018-04-21, 2597🔥, 0💬

What Is SQL Standard in MySQL
What Is SQL Standard in MySQL? SQL, SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), is a language for RDBMS (Relational Database Management Systems). SQL was developed by IBM Corporation. SQL became an ANSI standard, called SQL-87, in 1986. ISO made a major revision, called SQL-92, in 1992. The latest r... 2018-04-21, 2464🔥, 0💬

Groups of Data Types in MySQL
How Many Groups of Data Types in MySQL? MySQL support 3 groups of data types as listed below: String Data Types - CHAR, NCHAR, VARCHAR, NVARCHAR, BINARY, VARBINARY, TINYBLOB, TINYTEXT, BLOB, TEXT, MEDIUMBLOB, MEDIUMTEXT, LONGBLOB, LONGTEXT, ENUM, SET Numeric Data Types - BIT, TINYINT, BOOLEAN, SMALL... 2018-04-21, 3486🔥, 0💬

Escape Special Characters in MySQL
How To Escape Special Characters in SQL statements in MySQL? There are a number of special characters that needs to be escaped (protected), if you want to include them in a character string. Here are some basic character escaping rules: The escape character (\) needs to be escaped as (\\). The singl... 2018-04-12, 4036🔥, 0💬

Evaluating Expressions with SELECT Statements in MySQL
How To Calculate Expressions with SELECT Statements in MySQL? There is no special SQL statements to calculate expressions. But you can use the "SELECT expression FROM DUAL" statement return the calculated value of an expression. "DUAL" is a dummy table in the server. The tutorial exercise below show... 2018-04-12, 2548🔥, 0💬

Character String Data Types in MySQL
What Are Character String Data Types in MySQL? MySQL supports the following string data types: CHAR(n) same as CHARACTER(n) - Fixed width and " " padded characters strings. Default character set is ASCII. NCHAR(n) same as NATIONAL CHARACTER(n) - Fixed width and " " padded character strings with UTF8... 2018-04-12, 2514🔥, 0💬

Entering Character Strings in MySQL
How To Include Character Strings in SQL statements in MySQL? If you want to include character strings in your SQL statements, you need to quote them in one of the following formats: Using single quotes. For example 'FYIcenter.com'. Using double quotes. For example "FYI Center". Using single quotes p... 2018-04-12, 2482🔥, 0💬

Including Comments in SQL Statements in MySQL
How To Include Comments in SQL Statements in MySQL? If you want to include comments in a SQL statement, you can first enter "--", then enter your comment until the end of the line. The tutorial exercise below shows you some good examples: SELECT 'Hello world!' FROM DUAL; -- My first SQL statement! I... 2018-04-12, 2363🔥, 0💬

Concatenating Character Strings in MySQL
How To Concatenate Two Character Strings in MySQL? If you want concatenate multiple character strings into one, you need to use the CONCAT() function. Here are some good examples: SELECT CONCAT('Welcome',' to') FROM DUAL; Welcome to SELECT CONCAT('FYI','center','.com') FROM DUAL; FYIcenter.com   ⇒ E... 2018-04-07, 2430🔥, 0💬

Entering Characters as HEX Numbers in MySQL
How To Enter Characters as HEX Numbers in MySQL? If you want to enter characters as HEX numbers, you can quote HEX numbers with single quotes and a prefix of (X), or just prefix HEX numbers with (0x). A HEX number string will be automatically converted into a character string, if the expression cont... 2018-03-31, 2944🔥, 0💬

Entering Binary Numbers in MySQL
How To Enter Binary Numbers in SQL Statements in MySQL? If you want to enter character strings or numeric values as binary numbers, you can quote binary numbers with single quotes and a prefix of (B), or just prefix binary numbers with (0b). Binary numbers will be automatically converted into charac... 2018-03-31, 2633🔥, 0💬

Entering Boolean Values in MySQL
How To Enter Boolean Values in SQL Statements in MySQL? If you want to enter Boolean values in SQL statements, you use (TRUE), (FALSE), (true), or (false). Here are some good examples: SELECT TRUE, true, FALSE, false FROM DUAL; +------+------+-------+------- +| TRUE | TRUE | FALSE | FALSE | +------+... 2018-03-31, 2409🔥, 0💬

Entering Numeric Values as HEX Numbers in MySQL
How To Enter Numeric Values as HEX Numbers in MySQL? If you want to enter numeric values as HEX numbers, you can quote HEX numbers with single quotes and a prefix of (X), or just prefix HEX numbers with (0x). A HEX number string will be automatically converted into a numeric value, if the expression... 2018-03-31, 2376🔥, 0💬

Entering Numeric Values in MySQL
How To Include Numeric Values in SQL statements in MySQL? If you want to include a numeric value in your SQL statement, you can enter it directly as shown in the following examples: SELECT 255 FROM DUAL; -- An integer 255 SELECT -6.34 FROM DUAL; -- A regular number -6.34 SELECT -32032.6809e+10 FROM ... 2018-03-31, 2372🔥, 0💬

Converting Numeric Values to Character Strings in MySQL
How To Convert Numeric Values to Character Strings in MySQL? You can convert numeric values to character strings by using the CAST(value AS CHAR) function as shown in the following examples: SELECT CAST(4123.45700 AS CHAR) FROM DUAL; 4123.45700 -- How to get rid of the last 2 '0's? SELECT CAST(4.123... 2018-03-28, 5695🔥, 0💬

Converting Character Strings to Numeric Values in MySQL
How To Convert Character Strings to Numeric Values in MySQL? You can convert character strings to numeric values by using the CAST(string AS DECIMAL) or CAST(string AS SIGNED INTEGER) function as shown in the following examples: SELECT CAST('4123.45700' AS DECIMAL) FROM DUAL; 4123.46 -- Very poor co... 2018-03-28, 3152🔥, 0💬

What Is NULL Value in MySQL
What Are NULL Values in MySQL? NULL is a special value that represents no value. Here are basic rules about NULL values: NULL presents no value. NULL is not the same as an empty string ''. NULL is not the same as a zero value 0. NULL can be used as any data type. NULL should not be used in any compa... 2018-03-28, 2568🔥, 0💬

Using IN Conditions in MySQL
How To Use IN Conditions in MySQL? An IN condition is single value again a list of values. It returns TRUE, if the specified value is in the list. Otherwise, it returns FALSE. Some examples are given in the tutorial exercise below: SELECT 3 IN (1,2,3,4,5) FROM DUAL; 1 SELECT 3 NOT IN (1,2,3,4,5) FRO... 2018-03-28, 2534🔥, 0💬

Expressions with NULL Values in MySQL
What Happens If NULL Values Are Involved in Expressions in MySQL? If NULL values are used in expressions, the resulting values will be NULL values. In other words: Arithmetic expressions with NULL values result NULL values. Comparison expressions with NULL values result NULL values. Logical expressi... 2018-03-28, 2338🔥, 0💬

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General MySQL Oracle SQL Server