General MySQL Oracle SQL Server

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Transaction Committed when START TRANSACTION Executed in MySQL
What Happens to the Current Transaction If a START TRANSACTION Is Executed in MySQL? If you are in a middle of a current transaction, and a START TRANSACTION command is executed, the current transaction will be committed and ended. All the database changes made in the current transaction will become... 2016-10-17, 5734🔥, 0💬

FORMAT_BYTES() - Formatting Bytes in Readable Units
How to format a number of bytes in a human-readable unit using the FORMAT_BYTES() function? FORMAT_BYTES(con) is a MySQL built-in function that converts a number of bytes in a human-readable unit of KiB, MiG, GiB, TiB, PiB or EiB. For example: SELECT FORMAT_BYTES(9), FORMAT_BYTES(9*1024), FORMAT_BYT... 2025-09-24, 5708🔥, 0💬

INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE Statements in MySQL
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE Statements in MySQL? Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team on INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE Statements in MySQL. Clear answers are provided with tutorial exercises... 2018-01-24, 5678🔥, 0💬

JSON_UNQUOTE() - Unquoting JSON String
How to convert a JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) quoted string into a regular character string using the JSON_UNQUOTE() function? JSON_UNQUOTE(json) is a MySQL built-in function that converts a JSON string into a regular character string, by removing the enclosing double-quotes and restoring any e... 2025-03-12, 5669🔥, 0💬

Groups of Data Types in MySQL
How Many Groups of Data Types in MySQL? MySQL support 3 groups of data types as listed below: String Data Types - CHAR, NCHAR, VARCHAR, NVARCHAR, BINARY, VARBINARY, TINYBLOB, TINYTEXT, BLOB, TEXT, MEDIUMBLOB, MEDIUMTEXT, LONGBLOB, LONGTEXT, ENUM, SET Numeric Data Types - BIT, TINYINT, BOOLEAN, SMALL... 2018-04-21, 5540🔥, 0💬

CREATE, ALTER and DROP Statements in MySQL
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on CREATE, ALTER and DROP Statements in MySQL? Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team on CREATE, ALTER and DROP Statements in MySQL. Clear answers are provided with tutorial exercises on cr... 2018-03-13, 5358🔥, 0💬

What Is "mysqld" Command in MySQL
What Is "mysqld" in MySQL? "mysqld" is MySQL server daemon program which runs quietly in background on your computer system. Invoking "mysqld" will start the MySQL server on your system. Terminating "mysqld" will shutdown the MySQL server. Here is a tutorial example of invoking "mysqld" with the "--... 2018-06-01, 5348🔥, 0💬

Storage Engines: MyISAM, InnoDB and BDB in MySQL
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on Storage Engines: MyISAM, InnoDB and BDB in MySQL? Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team on Storage Engines: MyISAM, InnoDB and BDB in MySQL. Clear explanations and tutorial exercises ar... 2017-09-12, 5279🔥, 0💬

Presenting a Past Time in Hours, Minutes and Seconds in MySQL
How To Present a Past Time in Hours, Minutes and Seconds in MySQL? If you want show an article was posted "n hours n minutes and n seconds ago", you can use the TIMEDIFF(NOW(), pastTime) function as shown in the following tutorial exercise: SELECT TIMEDIFF(NOW(), '2006-07-01 04:09:49') FROM DUAL; 06... 2017-12-26, 5155🔥, 0💬

Using Group Functions in the SELECT Clause in MySQL
How To Use Group Functions in the SELECT Clause in MySQL? If group functions are used in the SELECT clause, they will be used on the rows that meet the query selection criteria, the output of group functions will be returned as output of the query. The following select statement returns 3 values cal... 2018-01-06, 5105🔥, 0💬

Scope Levels of User Privileges in MySQL
How Many Scope Levels Can User Privileges Apply in MySQL? MySQL supports 5 scope levels a user privilege can be granted: Global Level - A privilege granted at this level applies to all databases on the server. Privileges granted at the global level stored in "mysql.user" table. Database Level - A pr... 2017-12-09, 5014🔥, 0💬

Omitting Columns in INSERT Statements in MySQL
How To Omit Columns with Default Values in INSERT Statement in MySQL? If you don't want to specify values for columns that have default values, or you want to specify values to columns in an order different than how they are defined, you can provide a column list in the INSERT statement. If a column... 2018-01-16, 4973🔥, 0💬

CURRENT_USER() - Authentication Name of Current User
How to obtain the authentication name of the current user using the CURRENT_USER() function? CURRENT_USER() is a MySQL built-in function that returns the authentication name of the current user. The authentication name is a combination of "User" and "Host" columns in the mysql.user table and used to... 2025-06-18, 4876🔥, 0💬

Shutdown the Server with "mysqladmin" Command in MySQL
How To Shut Down the Server with "mysqladmin" in MySQL? If you want to shut down the server with "mysqladmin", you can use the command "mysqladmin shutdown" as shown in the following tutorial example: &gt;cd \mysql\bin &gt;mysqladmin -u root shutdown If this command returns no messages, your... 2018-06-01, 4823🔥, 0💬

What Is BDB in MySQL
What Is BDB (BerkeleyDB) in MySQL? BDB (BerkeleyDB) is transaction safe storage engine originally developed at U.C. Berkeley. It is now developed by Sleepycat Software, Inc. (an Oracle company now).   ⇒ What Is CSV in MySQL ⇐ What Is InnoDB in MySQL ⇑ Database Basics and Terminologies in MySQL ⇑⇑ ... 2017-07-03, 4735🔥, 0💬

Turning on mysql Extension on the PHP Engine in MySQL
How To Turn on mysql Extension on the PHP Engine in MySQL? The "mysql" API extension is provided as "php_mysql.dll" for Windows system. Your PHP binary download package should have "php_mysql.dll" included. No need for another download. But you need to check the PHP configuration file, \php\php.ini,... 2017-07-30, 4706🔥, 0💬

What Is ISAM in MySQL
What Is ISAM in MySQL? ISAM (Indexed Sequential Access Method) was developed by IBM to store and retrieve data on secondary storage systems like tapes.   ⇒ What Is MyISAM in MySQL ⇐ What Is Union in MySQL ⇑ Database Basics and Terminologies in MySQL ⇑⇑ MySQL Database Tutorials 2017-07-03, 4703🔥, 0💬

DATABASE() - Name of Current Database
How to obtain the name of the current database using the DATABASE() function? DATABASE() is a MySQL built-in function that returns the name of the current database. For example: USE mysql; Database changed SELECT DATABASE(); -- +------------+ -- | DATABASE() | -- +------------+ -- | mysql | -- +----... 2025-06-18, 4675🔥, 0💬

Ways to Get the Current Time in MySQL
How Many Ways to Get the Current Time in MySQL? There are 8 ways to get the current time: SELECT NOW() FROM DUAL; 2006-07-01 10:02:41 SELECT CURRENT_TIME() FROM DUAL; 10:02:58 SELECT SYSDATE() FROM DUAL; 2006-07-01 10:03:21 mysql&gt; SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP() FROM DUAL; 2006-07-01 10:04:03 SELE... 2018-03-13, 4656🔥, 0💬

Locks, Timeouts, and Deadlocks in MySQL
What Are Impacts on Applications from Locks, Timeouts, and DeadLocks in MySQL? If you are using transactions with REPEATABLE READ isolation level and transaction safe storage engines in your applications, data locks, lock timeouts, and dead lock detections will impact your application in a concurren... 2017-07-21, 4653🔥, 0💬

JSON_SET() - Inserting/updating JSON Child Members
How to insert or update child members of a JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) value using the JSON_SET() function? JSON_SET(json, path1, val1, path2, val2, ...) is a MySQL built-in function that inserts child members of a JSON value at given new locations, and replaces child numbers at given existing... 2025-03-12, 4608🔥, 0💬

Removed: ENCODE() - Encoding Data with Password
How to encode a byte sequence with a given password using the ENCODE() function? ENCODE(clear, pass) is a MySQL built-in function that encodes a byte sequence with a given password using the default encoding algorithm. Note that ENCODE() is no longer supported. It was: Introduced MySQL 4.0. Removed ... 2024-10-14, 4580🔥, 0💬

SUM() - Total Value in Group
How to calculate the total value of a field expression in result set groups using the SUM() function? SUM(expr) is a MySQL built-in aggregate function that calculates the total value of a field expression in result set groups. For example: SELECT help_category_id, SUM(help_topic_id), COUNT(help_topi... 2023-12-01, 4522🔥, 0💬

Dispaly Part Time in Days, Hours and Minutes in MySQL
How To Display a Past Time in Days, Hours and Minutes in MySQL? You have seen a lots of Websites are displaying past times in days, hours and minutes. If you want to do this yourself, you can use the TIMEDIFF() SQL function. Note that the TIMEDIFF() function can only handle time range within 839 hou... 2017-06-23, 4498🔥, 0💬

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General MySQL Oracle SQL Server