General MySQL Oracle SQL Server

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Declaring and Using Cursor Variables in SQL Server
How To Declare and Use Cursor Variables in SQL Server Transact-SQL? There are two ways to representing a cursor: 1. A cursor name - A static name representing a cursor object. A cursor name should be linked to a cursor object in the DECLARE statement. 2. A cursor variable name - A variable name poin... 2016-10-17, 2662🔥, 0💬

Use "IF" Statements with Multiple Conditions in Oracle
How To Use "IF" Statements on Multiple Conditions in Oracle? If you have multiple blocks of codes to be executed based on different conditions, you can use the "IF ... ELSIF" statement. Here is a sample script on IF statements: DECLARE day VARCHAR2; BEGIN day := 'SUNDAY'; IF day = 'THURSDAY' THEN DB... 2018-07-13, 2661🔥, 0💬

Use FETCH Statement in a Loop in Oracle
How To Use FETCH Statement in a Loop in Oracle? If you have a cursor opened ready to use, you can also use the FETCH statement in a loop to retrieve data from the cursor more efficiently. But you need to remember to use an EXIT statement break the loop when the cursor pointer reaches the end. The sc... 2018-04-07, 2660🔥, 0💬

Process Query Result in PL/SQL in Oracle
How To Process Query Result in PL/SQL in Oracle? You can run queries (SELECT statements) in a PL/SQL code blocks, and process the results a loop as shown in the following script example: SQL&gt; set serveroutput on; SQL&gt; BEGIN 2 FOR row IN 3 (SELECT * FROM employees WHERE manager_id = 101... 2019-03-08, 2659🔥, 0💬

Call a Sub Procedure in Oracle
How To Call a Sub Procedure in Oracle? To call a sub procedure, just use the sub procedure name as a statement. Here is another example of calling a sub procedure: SQL&gt; CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE WELCOME AS 2 PROCEDURE WELCOME_PRINT(S CHAR) AS 3 BEGIN 4 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Welcome to ' || ... 2018-10-26, 2658🔥, 0💬

Shutting Down MySQL Server in MySQL
How To Shutdown MySQL Server in MySQL? If you want to shutdown your MySQL server, you can run the "mysqladmin" program in a command window as shown in the following tutorial: &gt;cd \mysql\bin &gt;mysqladmin shutdown   ⇒ Administrator Tools for Managing MySQL Server ⇐ Creating a Test Table ... 2018-06-06, 2657🔥, 0💬

Starting mysqld to Support BDB Storage Engine in MySQL
How To Start mysqld to Support the BDB Storage Engine in MySQL? The default "mysqld" program does not support the BDB storage engine. If you want to use the BDB storage engine, you can start MySQL server with the "mysqld-max" program. The tutorial exercise below shows you how to start "mysqld-max" a... 2017-08-13, 2656🔥, 0💬

What Is Index Fragmentation in SQL Server
What Is Index Fragmentation in SQL Server? Index fragmentation is a phenomena where index contents are no longer stored continuously in the storage. When index contents become scattered in the storage, fragmented, performance on index will degrade. If you want to see the fragmentation level of an in... 2016-11-08, 2656🔥, 0💬

Counting Groups Returned with the GROUP BY Clause in Oracle
How To Count Groups Returned with the GROUP BY Clause in Oracle? If you use the COUNT(*) function on groups returned with the GROUP BY clause, it will count the number of rows within each group, not the number of groups. If you want to count the number of groups, you can put the GROUP BY query into ... 2019-09-16, 2655🔥, 0💬

Set a READ ONLY Transaction in Oracle
How To Set a Transaction To Be READ ONLY in Oracle? If you want a transaction to be set as READ ONLY, you need to the transaction with the SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY statement. Note that a DML statement will start the transaction automatically. So you have to issue the SET TRANSACTION statement befor... 2019-08-19, 2655🔥, 0💬

Location of Database Files in SQL Server
Where is my database stored on the hard disk in SQL Server? If a database is created with simple CREATE DATABASE statement, the server will create two database files on the hard disk to store data and configuration information about that data bases: database_name.mdf - SQL Server Database Primary Da... 2016-11-24, 2655🔥, 0💬

Data Pump Import Utility in Oracle
What Is the Data Pump Import Utility in Oracle? Oracle Data Pump Import utility is a standalone programs that allows you to import data objects from an Oracle dump file set into Oracle database. Oracle dump file set is written in a proprietary binary format by the Data Pump Export utility. Import ca... 2016-10-15, 2655🔥, 0💬

Rename a Column in an Existing Table in Oracle
How To Rename a Column in an Existing Table in Oracle? Let's say you have an existing with an existing column, but you don't like the name of that column, can you rename that column name? The answer is yes. You can use the ALTER TABLE ... RENAME COLUMN statement to do this. See the following SQL scr... 2019-05-25, 2654🔥, 0💬

Define Anonymous Procedures without Variables in Oracle
How To Define an Anonymous Procedure without Variables in Oracle? Anonymous procedure is a procedure without any name. If you don't have any variables to declare, you can define an anonymous procedure by using the BEGIN keyword directly in SQL*Plus as shown in the following tutorial script: SQL&... 2018-01-27, 2654🔥, 0💬

Introduction to SQL Basics in MySQL
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on Introduction to SQL Basics in MySQL? Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team on Introduction to SQL Basics in MySQL. Clear answers are provided with tutorial exercises on character and nu... 2018-04-21, 2652🔥, 0💬

Casting Numeric Values to DATETIME in SQL Server Transact-SQL
Can I cast numeric values to DATETIME values in SQL Server Transact-SQL? Yes, you can cast numeric values to DATATIME values in Transact-SQL. The implicit casting rules are for numeric values to DATETIME values are: Numeric values are casted linearly to DATETIME values. Decimal 0 represents 1900-01-... 2017-04-15, 2651🔥, 0💬

Using Multiple Columns in GROUP BY in MySQL
Can Multiple Columns Be Used in GROUP BY in MySQL? If you want to break your output into smaller groups, if you specify multiple column names or expressions in the GROUP BY clause. Output in each group must satisfy a specific combination of the expressions listed in the GROUP BY clause. The more col... 2017-10-16, 2650🔥, 0💬

Ways to End the Current Transaction in MySQL
How To End the Current Transaction in MySQL? There are several ways the current transaction can be ended implicitly or explicitly: In "Autocommit On" mode, a single-statement transaction will be ended implicitly when the execution of the statement ends. Changes will be committed. Running the COMMIT ... 2016-10-17, 2649🔥, 0💬

Different Types of PL/SQL Code Blocks in Oracle
What Are the Different Types of PL/SQL Code Blocks in Oracle? There are 3 types of PL/SQL code blocks: Anonymous Block - A block of codes with no name. It may contain a declaration part, an execution part, and exception handlers. Stored Program Unit - A block of codes with a name. It is similar to a... 2018-11-29, 2648🔥, 0💬

Arithmetic Operations in Pl/SQL in Oracle
What Are the Arithmetic Operations in Oracle? There are 4 basic arithmetic operations on numeric values as shown in the following sample script: PROCEDURE proc_arithmetic AS addition NUMBER; subtraction NUMBER; multiplication NUMBER; division NUMBER; BEGIN addition := 7 + 8; subtraction := addition ... 2018-08-06, 2648🔥, 0💬

Loading Data Files with "mysqlimport" Command in MySQL
How To Load Data Files into Tables with "mysqlimport" in MySQL? If you want to load a data file directly into a table, you need to prepare the data file as one line per data row, and use tab character as the column delimiter. The data file name should match the target table name. The following is a ... 2018-04-28, 2648🔥, 0💬

Define Anonymous Procedures with Variables in Oracle
How To Define an Anonymous Procedure with Variables in Oracle? Anonymous procedure is a procedure without any name. If you have some variables to declare, you can define an anonymous procedure by using the DECLARE keyword in SQL*Plus as shown in the following tutorial script: SQL&gt; set servero... 2018-01-27, 2648🔥, 0💬

Create a New User Account in Oracle
How To Create a New User Account in Oracle? If you want to create a new user account, you can log in as SYSTEM and use the CREATE USER command as shown in the following example: &gt;.\bin\sqlplus /nolog SQL&gt; connect SYSTEM/fyicenter Connected. SQL&gt; CREATE USER DEV IDENTIFIED BY dev... 2019-07-21, 2647🔥, 0💬

Read Consistency Support in MySQL in MySQL
How Does MySQL Handle Read Consistency in MySQL? Read consistency is a concept that describes how consistent the output will be on two subsequent read operations. A read operation is usually a stand alone SELECT statement or a SELECT subquery in a parent statement. A database server can support up t... 2017-08-03, 2647🔥, 0💬

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General MySQL Oracle SQL Server