General MySQL Oracle SQL Server

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Sorting Query Output with ORDER BY Clauses in SQL Server
How To Sort the Query Output with ORDER BY Clauses in SQL Server? If you want the returning rows to be sorted, you can specify a sorting expression in the ORDER BY clause. The simplest sort expression is column name who's values will be sorted by. The following select statement returns rows sorted b... 2016-10-26, 2893🔥, 0💬

Sorting Query Output by Multiple Columns in SQL Server
Can the Query Output Be Sorted by Multiple Columns in SQL Server? You can specifying multiple columns in the ORDER BY clause as shown in the following example statement, which returns rows sorted by "tag" and "counts" values: SELECT tag, counts, url, created FROM fyi_links ORDER BY tag, counts GO ta... 2016-10-26, 2883🔥, 0💬

Filtering Out Duplications in the Returning Rows in SQL Server
How To Filter Out Duplications in the Returning Rows in SQL Server? If there are duplications in the returning rows, and you want to remove the duplications, you can use the keyword DISTINCT in the SELECT clause. The DISTINCT applies to the combination of all data fields specified in the SELECT clau... 2016-10-26, 2764🔥, 0💬

Adding More Test Data for Query Statements in SQL Server
How To Add More Data to the Testing Table in SQL Server? If you want to continue with other tutorial exercises in this FAQ collection, you need to add more data to the testing table. Follow the script below to add a new column and more rows: ALTER TABLE fyi_links ADD tag VARCHAR(8) GO UPDATE fyi_lin... 2016-10-26, 2749🔥, 0💬

"GROUP BY" - Dividing Query Output into Multiple Groups in SQL Server
How To Divide Query Output into Multiple Groups with the GROUP BY Clause in SQL Server? Sometimes, you want to divide the query output into multiple groups, and apply group functions on each individual groups. Dividing query output into multiple groups can be done with the GROUP BY clause. Here is t... 2016-10-25, 7043🔥, 0💬

Basic Features of a Trigger in SQL Server
What Are the Basic Features of a Trigger in SQL Server? Since a SQL Server trigger is a really an event handler, it has the following basic features similar to event handlers in other programming languages: Event Type - It must be declared to handle a specific event, like a DELETE event. Object Scop... 2016-10-25, 5824🔥, 0💬

How To Count Duplicated Values in a Column? in SQL Server
How To Count Duplicated Values in a Column in SQL Server? If you have a column with duplicated values, and you want to know what are those duplicated values are and how many duplicates are there for each of those values, you can use the "GROUP BY ... HAVING" clause as shown in the following example.... 2016-10-25, 4380🔥, 0💬

sys.triggers - Listing All Triggers in the Database in SQL Server
How To List All Triggers in the Database with sys.triggers in SQL Server? If you want to list all triggers defined in the current database, you can use the catalog view, sys.triggers, as shown in the following tutorial example: USE FyiCenterData; GO CREATE TRIGGER new_user ON fyi_users AFTER INSERT ... 2016-10-25, 3813🔥, 0💬

Mixing Group Functions with Non-group Selection Fields in SQL Server
Can Group Functions Be Mixed with Non-group Selection Fields in SQL Server? If a group function is used in the SELECT clause, all other selection fields must be group level fields. Non-group fields can not be mixed with group fields in the SELECT clause. The script below gives you an example of inva... 2016-10-25, 3351🔥, 0💬

Creating and Managing Triggers in SQL Server
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on Creating and Managing Triggers in SQL Server? Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team on Creating and Managing Triggers in SQL Server. Clear explanations and tutorial exercises are provid... 2016-10-25, 3295🔥, 0💬

Testing DML Triggers in SQL Server
How To Test a DML Trigger in SQL Server? To test a DML trigger defined on a table, you just need to execute several INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE statements on that table as shown in this tutorial example: USE FyiCenterData; GO INSERT INTO fyi_users (name) VALUES ('FYI Admin'); GO Records are inserted, ... 2016-10-25, 3052🔥, 0💬

"CREATE TRIGGER" - Creating a DML Trigger in SQL Server
How To Create a DML Trigger using CREATE TRIGGER Statements in SQL Server? A DML trigger is a trigger declared to handle a DML event, which occurs when an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement is executed. If you want to create a DML trigger, you should use the "CREATE TRIGGER" statement in the followi... 2016-10-25, 3003🔥, 0💬

Using Multiple Columns in the GROUP BY Clause in SQL Server
Can Multiple Columns Be Used in GROUP BY in SQL Server? If you want to break your output into smaller groups, you can specify multiple column names or expressions in the GROUP BY clause. Output in each group must satisfy a specific combination of the expressions listed in the GROUP BY clause. The mo... 2016-10-25, 2964🔥, 0💬

Group Functions in Query Statements in SQL Server
What Are Group Functions in Query Statements in SQL Server? Group functions are functions applied to a group of rows. Examples of group functions are: COUNT(*) - Returns the number of rows in the group. MIN(exp) - Returns the minimum value of the expression evaluated on each row of the group. MAX(ex... 2016-10-25, 2931🔥, 0💬

Using Group Functions in the ORDER BY Clause in SQL Server
Can Group Functions Be Used in the ORDER BY Clause in SQL Server? If the query output is aggregated as groups, you can sort the groups by using group functions in the ORDER BY clause. The following statement returns the maximum "counts" in each group, determined by a unique combination of tag and ye... 2016-10-25, 2897🔥, 0💬

HAVING - Apply Filtering Criteria at Group Level in SQL Server
How To Apply Filtering Criteria at Group Level with The HAVING Clause in SQL Server? Let's say you have divided the query output into multiple groups with the GROUP BY clause. Now you are only interested in some of the groups, not all the groups. If you want to filter out some groups from the query,... 2016-10-25, 2880🔥, 0💬

Using Group Functions in the SELECT Clause in SQL Server
How To Use Group Functions in the SELECT Clause in SQL Server? If group functions are used in the SELECT clause, all rows that meet the criteria defined in the WHERE clause will be treated as a single group. The group functions will be apply all rows in that group as a whole. The final output of the... 2016-10-25, 2878🔥, 0💬

What Are Triggers in SQL Server
What Are Triggers in SQL Server? A trigger is a special kind of stored procedure that automatically executes when an event occurs in the database server. A trigger is really an event handler. SQL Server allows users to create triggers (event handlers) for 3 types of events: DML Event - Occurs when a... 2016-10-25, 2813🔥, 0💬

Creating a Simple Table to Test Triggers in SQL Server
How To Create a Simple Table to Test Triggers in SQL Server? If you want to follow other tutorial examples included in this collection, you need to run this SQL script to create a simple table called fyi_users: USE FyiCenterData; GO DROP TABLE fyi_users; GO CREATE TABLE fyi_users ( id INTEGER IDENTI... 2016-10-25, 2769🔥, 0💬

sys.trigger_events - Event List of an Existing Trigger in SQL Server
How To See the Event List of an Existing Trigger using sys.trigger_events in SQL Server? If what are the DML events an existing trigger is handling, you can use the catalog view, sys.trigger_events. You need to join sys.trigger_events and sys.triggers to get a better list as shown in this tutorial e... 2016-10-24, 4149🔥, 0💬

sys.sql_modules - Getting Trigger Definitions Back in SQL Server
How To Get the Definition of a Trigger Back in SQL Server? If you want get the definition of an existing trigger back from the SQL Server, you can use the catalog view called sys.sql_modules, which stores definitions of views, stored procedures, and triggers. The sys.sql_modules holds trigger defini... 2016-10-24, 3835🔥, 0💬

"DISABLE TRIGGER" - Disabling Triggers in SQL Server
How To Disable Triggers using "DISABLE TRIGGER" in SQL Server? If want to stop the execution of an existing trigger temporarily, you can use the "DISABLE TRIGGER" statement to disable it. The disabled trigger will be kept in the database. If you want to resume the execution of a disabled trigger, yo... 2016-10-24, 3731🔥, 0💬

Improving the Trigger to Handle NULL Values in SQL Server
How To Improve the Trigger to Handle NULL Values in SQL Server? When a NULL value is concatenated with a string, the result will be a null value. So if you want the trigger to properly report NULL values, you need to enhance the trigger as shown in the following tutorial example: USE FyiCenterData; ... 2016-10-24, 3705🔥, 0💬

Triggers with Multiple Affected Rows in SQL Server
What Happens to a Trigger with Multiple Affected Rows in SQL Server? If there is only one row affected by a DML statement, we know that the DML trigger will be executed once. But how many times the DML trigger will be executed if the DML statement resulted multiple affected rows? The answer is still... 2016-10-24, 3231🔥, 0💬

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General MySQL Oracle SQL Server