General MySQL Oracle SQL Server

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Define a Sub Function in Oracle
How To Define a Sub Function in Oracle? A sub function is a function defined and used inside another procedure or function. You need to define a sub function in the declaration part of the enclosing procedure or function. Sub function definition starts with the FUNCTION key word. Here is a sample sc... 2018-03-18, 603👍, 0💬

Call Procedure or Function Recursively in Oracle
Can Sub Procedure/Function Be Called Recursively in Oracle? PL/SQL allows sub procedures or functions to be called recursively. The tutorial example below shows you how to calculate factorial values with a recursive sub function: SQL&gt; CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE FACTORIAL_TEST AS 2 FUNCTION F... 2018-03-18, 544👍, 0💬

Formal Parameters and Actual Parameters in Oracle
What Is the Difference between Formal Parameters and Actual Parameters in Oracle? Formal parameter and actual parameter are two different terms related parameters used in the procedures and functions: A formal parameter is a term used to refer to a parameter defined in the procedure or function decl... 2018-03-18, 521👍, 0💬

Run-Away Recursive Calls in Oracle
What Happens If Recursive Calls Get Out of Control in Oracle? What happens if your code has bug on recursive procedure calls, which causes an infinite number nested procedure calls? The answer is not so good. Oracle server seems to offer no protection calling stack limit. The script below shows you ... 2018-03-18, 501👍, 0💬

Define Variables before Procedures and Functions in Oracle
What Is the Order of Defining Local Variables and Sub Procedures/Functions in Oracle? In the declaration part, you must define all local variables before defining any sub procedures or sub functions. See the following sample script: SQL&gt; CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE WELCOME AS 2 SITE CHAR(80) ... 2018-03-18, 457👍, 0💬

Working with Cursors in Oracle PL/SQL
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on Working with Cursors in Oracle PL/SQL? Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team on Working with Cursors in Oracle PL/SQL. Clear answers are provided with tutorial exercises on defining, op... 2018-02-01, 754👍, 0💬

Attributes of the Implicit Cursor in Oracle
How To Use Attributes of the Implicit Cursor in Oracle? Right after executing a DML statement, you retrieve any attribute of the implicit cursor by using SQL%attribute_name, as shown in the following tutorial exercise: CREATE TABLE student (id NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY, first_name VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL, ... 2018-02-01, 659👍, 0💬

What Is a Cursor in Oracle
What Is a Cursor in Oracle? A cursor looks like a variable, but it is not a variable. A cursor looks like a procedure, but it is not a procedure. A cursor is a cursor. It is a logical representation of a resource connects to a set of data rows related to a DML statement. A cursor is consists of: A D... 2018-02-01, 592👍, 0💬

What Is the Implicit Cursor in Oracle
What Is the Implicit Cursor in Oracle? There is only one implicitly cursor in a session. The implicit cursor is the cursor automatically defined by PL/SQL for you. Whenever a SQL statement is executed, this cursor will be assigned to represent the execution of this statement. This implicit cursor is... 2018-02-01, 571👍, 0💬

Types of Cursors Supported in PL/SQL in Oracle
How Many Types of Cursors Supported in PL/SQL in Oracle? PL/SQL supports two types of cursors: The implicit cursor - A single default cursor that automatically connects to the last DML statement executed. Explicit cursors - User defined cursors with specific DML statements and execution statuses.   ... 2018-02-01, 541👍, 0💬

Creating Oracle PL/SQL Procedures and Functions
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on Creating Oracle PL/SQL Procedures and Functions? Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team on Creating Oracle PL/SQL Procedures and Functions. It can also be used as learning tutorials on c... 2018-01-27, 692👍, 0💬

Define Anonymous Procedures with Variables in Oracle
How To Define an Anonymous Procedure with Variables in Oracle? Anonymous procedure is a procedure without any name. If you have some variables to declare, you can define an anonymous procedure by using the DECLARE keyword in SQL*Plus as shown in the following tutorial script: SQL&gt; set servero... 2018-01-27, 562👍, 0💬

What Is a Function in Oracle
What Is a Function in Oracle? A function is a named program unit. It consists of three parts: Declaration Part - Defining the function name, calling parameters, return value type, local variables and local procedures. Declaration part is required. Execution Part - Defining execution logic with execu... 2018-01-27, 512👍, 0💬

What Is a Procedure in Oracle
What Is a Procedure in Oracle? A procedure is a named program unit. It consists of three parts: Declaration Part - Defining the procedure name, calling parameters, local variables and local procedures. Declaration part is required. Execution Part - Defining execution logic with executable statements... 2018-01-27, 494👍, 0💬

Define Anonymous Procedures without Variables in Oracle
How To Define an Anonymous Procedure without Variables in Oracle? Anonymous procedure is a procedure without any name. If you don't have any variables to declare, you can define an anonymous procedure by using the BEGIN keyword directly in SQL*Plus as shown in the following tutorial script: SQL&... 2018-01-27, 480👍, 0💬

Load Data through External Tables in Oracle
How To Load Data through External Tables in Oracle? If you have data stored in external files, you can load it to database through an external table by the steps below: Create an external table with columns matching data fields in the external file. Create a regular table with the same columns. Run ... 2016-11-27, 643👍, 0💬

Restrictions on External Table Columns in Oracle
What Are the Restrictions on External Table Columns in Oracle? When creating external table columns, you need to watch out some restrictions: "PRIMARY KEY" is not allowed. "NOT NULL" is not allowed. "DEFAULT value" is not allowed.   ⇒Loading and Exporting Data in Oracle ⇒⇒Oracle Database Tutorials 2016-11-27, 554👍, 0💬

What Is an External Table in Oracle
What Is an External Table in Oracle? An external table is a table defined in the database with data stored outside the database. Data of an external table is stored in files on the operating systems. Accessing data of external tables are done through data access drivers. Currently, Oracle supports t... 2016-11-27, 551👍, 0💬

What Is a SQL*Loader Control File in Oracle
What Is a SQL*Loader Control File in Oracle? A SQL*Loader control file a text that defines how data files should be loaded into the database. It allows you to specify: Where is the input data file. The format of the input date file. The target table where the data should be loaded. How input data fi... 2016-11-27, 528👍, 0💬

Load Data with SQL*Loader in Oracle
How To Load Data with SQL*Loader in Oracle? Let's say you have a table defined as: CREATE TABLE student (id NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY, first_name VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL, last_name VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL, birth_date DATE NOT NULL, social_number VARCHAR(80) UNIQUE NOT NULL); There is an input data file stored... 2016-11-27, 517👍, 0💬

Define External Table in a Text File in Oracle
How To Define an External Table in a Text File in Oracle? You can use the CREATE TABLE statement to create external tables. But you need to use ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL clause to specify the external file location and the data access driver. The tutorial exercise below shows you how to define an extern... 2016-10-19, 1267👍, 1💬

💬 2016-10-19 Randy: Great example, Thanks!

What Is a Directory Object in Oracle
What Is a Directory Object in Oracle? A directory object is a logical alias for a physical directory path name on the operating system. Directory objects can be created, dropped, and granted access permissions to different users. The following tutorial exercise shows you some good examples: &gt;... 2016-10-15, 577👍, 0💬

Run Queries on External Tables in Oracle
How To Run Queries on External Tables in Oracle? If you have an external table defined as a text file with the ORACLE_LOADER driver, you can add data to the text file, and query the text file through the external table. By default, data fields in the text file should be terminated by ','. The tutori... 2016-10-15, 563👍, 0💬

Load Data from External Tables in Oracle
How To Load Data from External Tables to Regular Tables in Oracle? Once you have your data entered in a text file, and an external table defined to this text file, you can easily load data from this text file to a regular table. The following tutorial exercise shows you how to load data from the tex... 2016-10-15, 562👍, 0💬

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General MySQL Oracle SQL Server