How to extract the day of month from a given date using the DAYOFMONTH() function?

DAYOFMONTH(date) is a MySQL built-in function that returns the day of month from a given date. For example:

SELECT DAYOFMONTH('2023-02-03'), DAYOFMONTH(NOW());
  -- +--------------------------+-------------------+
  -- | DAYOFMONTH('2023-02-03') | DAYOFMONTH(NOW()) |
  -- +--------------------------+-------------------+
  -- |                        3 |                22 |
  -- +--------------------------+-------------------+

Reference information of the DAYOFMONTH() function:

DAYOFMONTH(date): int
  Returns the day of the month for date, in the range 1 to 31, or 0 for
  dates such as '0000-00-00' or '2008-00-00' that have a zero day part.

Arguments, return value and availability:
  date: Required. The date to extract the day of month from.
  int: Return value. The day of month.
  Available since MySQL 4.

Related MySQL functions:

• DAY() - Synonym for DAYOFMONTH()
• DAYOFWEEK() - Day of Week (1=Sunday)
• DAYOFYEAR() - Day of Year

⇒ DAYOFWEEK() - Day of Week (1=Sunday)

⇐ DAYNAME() - Name of Weekday

⇑ MySQL Functions on Date and Time

⇑⇑ MySQL Function References