General MySQL Oracle SQL Server

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Define a Data Field as NOT NULL in Oracle
How To Define a Data Field as NOT NULL in Oracle? When defining a specific RECORD type, you can define a data field as NOT NULL to make sure variables with this RECORD type to always have values in this field. A field defined as NOT NULL must have a default value. Here is a tutorial script showing y... 2018-09-01, 2457🔥, 0💬

Define a Specific RECORD Type in Oracle
How To Define a Specific RECORD Type in Oracle? If you want to define a specific RECORD type, you need to use the TYPE ... IS RECORD statement in the declaration part of any procedure or function. The following example script defines a RECORD type called STUDENT: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE HELLO AS... 2018-09-01, 2403🔥, 0💬

Define a Variable for a Specific RECORD Type in Oracle
How To Define a Variable of a Specific RECORD Type in Oracle? Once you have your specific RECORD type defined, you can define new variables with this specific RECORD type like any other data type. In the sample script below, several variables are defined with a regular data type and a specific RECOR... 2018-09-01, 2327🔥, 0💬

Retrieve Field Values from RECORD Variables in Oracle
How To Retrieve Values from Data Fields in RECORD Variables in Oracle? If a variable is a RECORD variable with data fields assigned values, you can retrieve those values out of its data fields by using fields names prefixed with variable name as "variable.field_name". Here is a sample script showing... 2018-09-01, 2301🔥, 0💬

Assign Field Values into RECORD Variables in Oracle
How To Assign Values to Data Fields in RECORD Variables in Oracle? If a variable is a RECORD variable, you can assign values to its data fields by using fields names prefixed with variable name as "variable.field_name". Here is a sample script assigning values to data fields of RECORD variables: CRE... 2018-09-01, 2222🔥, 0💬

Update a Table Row with a RECORD in Oracle
How To Update a Table Row with a RECORD in Oracle? If you have a RECORD variable with data fields matching a table structure, you can update a row in this table with this RECORD variable using the UPDATE ... SET ROW statement as shown in the sample script below: CREATE TABLE emp_temp AS SELECT * FRO... 2018-08-14, 2533🔥, 0💬

Insert a RECORD into a Table in Oracle
How To Insert a RECORD into a Table in Oracle? If you have a RECORD variable with data fields matching a table structure, you can insert a row to this table with this RECORD variable using the INSERT statement as shown in the example below: CREATE TABLE emp_temp AS SELECT * FROM employees; CREATE OR... 2018-08-14, 2510🔥, 0💬

Assign a Table Row to RECORD Variable in Oracle
How To Assign a Table Row to a RECORD Variable in Oracle? If you have a table, and want to assign a data row of that table to a RECORD variable, you need to define this RECORD variable to match the table column structure, then use the SELECT ... INTO statement to assign a data row that RECORD variab... 2018-08-14, 2475🔥, 0💬

Define a Variable to Match Column Data Type in Oracle
How To Define a Variable to Match a Table Column Data Type in Oracle? If you have a table, and want to define some variables to have exactly the same data types as some columns in that table, you can use table_name.column_name%TYPE as data types to define those variables. The tutorial sample below s... 2018-08-14, 2445🔥, 0💬

Define a RECORD Variable for a Table Row in Oracle
How To Define a RECORD Variable to Store a Table Row in Oracle? If you have a table, and want to define a RECORD variable to store all the data elements of a row from that table, you can use table_name%ROWTYPE to define the RECORD variable as shown in the following sample script: CREATE TABLE studen... 2018-08-14, 2362🔥, 0💬

Initialize Variables with Default Values in Oracle
How To Initialize Variables with Default Values in Oracle? There are two ways to assign default values to variables at the time of declaration: Using key word DEFAULT - Appending "DEFAULT value" to the end of declaration statements. Using assignment operator - Appending ":= value" to the end of decl... 2018-08-06, 2762🔥, 0💬

Arithmetic Operations in Pl/SQL in Oracle
What Are the Arithmetic Operations in Oracle? There are 4 basic arithmetic operations on numeric values as shown in the following sample script: PROCEDURE proc_arithmetic AS addition NUMBER; subtraction NUMBER; multiplication NUMBER; division NUMBER; BEGIN addition := 7 + 8; subtraction := addition ... 2018-08-06, 2617🔥, 0💬

Logical Operations in PL/SQL in Oracle
What Are the Logical Operations in Oracle? PL/SQL supports 3 logical operations as shown in the following sample script: PROCEDURE proc_comparison AS x BOOLEAN := TRUE; y BOOLEAN := FALSE; res BOOLEAN; BEGIN res = x AND y; res = x OR y; res = NOT x; -- more statements END;   ⇒ Categories of Data Typ... 2018-08-06, 2595🔥, 0💬

Numeric Comparison Operations in Oracle
What Are the Numeric Comparison Operations in Oracle? PL/SQL supports 6 basic numeric comparison operations as shown in the following sample script: PROCEDURE proc_comparison AS res BOOLEAN; BEGIN res := 1 = 2; res := 1 &lt; 2; res := 1 &gt; 2; res := 1 &lt;= 2; res := 1 &gt;= 2; res... 2018-08-06, 2488🔥, 0💬

Assign Values to Variables in Oracle
How To Assign Values to Variables in Oracle? You can use assignment statements to assign values to variables. An assignment statement contains an assignment operator ":=", which takes the value specified on the right to the variable on left. The script below show you some examples of assignment stat... 2018-08-06, 2369🔥, 0💬

Retrieve Data from a Cursor to a RECORD in Oracle
How To Retrieve Data from a Cursor to a RECORD in Oracle? If you have a cursor opened ready to use, you can also use the FETCH statement to retrieve data from the cursor into a RECORD variable as shown in the tutorial exercise below: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE FYI_CENTER AS CURSOR t_list IS SELECT ... 2018-07-22, 2718🔥, 0💬

Open and Close an Explicit Cursor in Oracle
How To Open and Close an Explicit Cursor in Oracle? An existing cursor can be opened or closed by the OPEN or CLOSE statement as shown in the following sample script: DECLARE CURSOR c_list IS SELECT * FROM countries; CURSOR t_list IS SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100; BEGIN OPEN c_list... 2018-07-22, 2569🔥, 0💬

Retrieve Data from an Explicit Cursor in Oracle
How To Retrieve Data from an Explicit Cursor in Oracle? If you have a cursor opened ready to use, you can use the FETCH ... INTO statement to retrieve data from the cursor into variables. FETCH statement will: Retrieve all the fields from the row pointed by the current cursor pointer and assign them... 2018-07-22, 2503🔥, 0💬

Define an Explicit Cursor in Oracle
How To Define an Explicit Cursor in Oracle? An explicit cursor must be defined in the declaration part of a procedure or function with the CURSOR ... IS statement as shown in the following sample script: DECLARE CURSOR c_list IS SELECT * FROM countries; CURSOR t_list IS SELECT * FROM employees WHERE... 2018-07-22, 2433🔥, 0💬

Loop through the Implicit Cursor in Oracle
How To Loop through Data Rows in the Implicit Curosr in Oracle? You use the FOR ... IN ... LOOP statement to loop through data rows in the implicit cursor as the following syntax: FOR row IN dml_statement LOOP (statement block with row.field) END LOOP; Here "row" is a local RECORD type variable with... 2018-07-22, 2421🔥, 0💬

Open a Cursor Variable in Oracle
How To Open a Cursor Variable in Oracle? A cursor variable must be opened with a specific query statement before you can fetch data fields from its data rows. To open a cursor variable, you can use the OPEN ... FOR statement as shown in the following tutorial exercise: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE FY... 2018-07-18, 2821🔥, 0💬

Define a Cursor Variable in Oracle
How To Define a Cursor Variable in Oracle? To define cursor variable, you must decide which REF CURSOR data type to use. There are 3 ways to select a REF CURSOR data type: Define your own specific REF CURSOR types using the TYPE ... RETURN statement. Define your own generic REF CURSOR type using the... 2018-07-18, 2696🔥, 0💬

Pass a Cursor Variable to a Procedure in Oracle
How To Pass a Cursor Variable to a Procedure in Oracle? A cursor variable can be passed into a procedure like a normal variable. The sample script below gives you a good example: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE FYI_CENTER AS sys_cur SYS_REFCURSOR; PROCEDURE emp_print(cur SYS_REFCURSOR) AS emp_rec employ... 2018-07-18, 2629🔥, 0💬

Loop through a Cursor Variable in Oracle
How To Loop through a Cursor Variable in Oracle? Once a cursor variable is opened with a query statement, it will have the same attributes as a normal cursor and it can be used in the same way a normal cursor too. The following sample script shows you how to loop through a cursor variable: CREATE OR... 2018-07-18, 2501🔥, 0💬

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General MySQL Oracle SQL Server