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Using Subqueries with the IN Operator in MySQL
How To Use Subqueries with the IN Operator in MySQL? A subquery can be used with the IN operator as "expression IN (subquery)". The subquery should return a single column with one or more rows to form a list of values to be used by the IN operation. The following tutorial exercise shows you how to u...
2017-09-17, 2491🔥, 0💬

Major Storage Engines Supported in MySQL in MySQL
What Are Storage Engines in MySQL? Storage engines are programs that are integrated into MySQL database management system to manage data tables. MySQL 5.0 supports the following major storage engines: MyISAM Storage Engine - MySQL default storage engine. Based on ISAM database concept. MyISAM is not...
2017-09-12, 2491🔥, 0💬

Converting Integers into Date and Time Values in SQL Server
Can Integers Be Converted into Date and Time Values in SQL Server Transact-SQL? Can integers be converted into date and time values? The answer is yes. The input integer will be used as the number of days relative to the base date: Jan 1, 1900. The time of the day will be set to 0, midnight of the d...
2017-02-22, 2489🔥, 0💬

What Is a Table in SQL Server
What is a table in SQL Server? A table in database is a data object used to store data. Tables have the following features: Data is stored in a table with a structure of rows and columns. Columns must be pre-defined with names, types and constrains. A table object may have other associated data obje...
2016-11-20, 2489🔥, 0💬

UNIQUE Constraint Creating Default Index in SQL Server
Does the UNIQUE Constraint Create an Index in SQL Server? If you add the UNIQUE constraint on a column, SQL Server will automatically add a non-clustered index for that column. The tutorial exercise below shows you the index created as part of the UNIQUE column, "id", of "fyi_links": USE FyiCenterDa...
2016-11-13, 2489🔥, 0💬

Assign a Table Row to RECORD Variable in Oracle
How To Assign a Table Row to a RECORD Variable in Oracle? If you have a table, and want to assign a data row of that table to a RECORD variable, you need to define this RECORD variable to match the table column structure, then use the SELECT ... INTO statement to assign a data row that RECORD variab...
2018-08-14, 2488🔥, 0💬

"CREATE TRIGGER" - Creating a DDL Trigger in SQL Server
How To Create a DDL Trigger using "CREATE TRIGGER" Statements in SQL Server? A DDL trigger is defined to handle a DDL statement event, like create, alter and drop tables, views, indexes, etc. DDL triggers can be used to generate warning messages on database object changes. The format of creating a D...
2016-10-22, 2488🔥, 0💬

Use "IN" Parameters in Oracle
How To Use "IN" Parameter Properly in Oracle? Here are the rules about IN parameters: A formal IN parameter acts like constant. It can not be assigned with new values. An actual IN parameter can take a value or a variable. An actual IN parameter is passed by reference to the specified value or the v...
2018-10-19, 2487🔥, 0💬

Create a Stored Procedure Interactively in Oracle
How To Create a Procedure Interactively in Oracle? If you want to create a stored procedure interactively, you can use the following steps: Open you connection name, like Local_XE. Right-click Procedures. Select Create PROCEDURE. The Create Procedure window shows up. Enter Name as: Hello Click OK. T...
2019-01-12, 2486🔥, 0💬

Create an Index for a Given Table in MySQL
How To Create an Index for a Given Table in MySQL? If you have a table with a lots of rows, and you know that one of the columns will be used often as a search criteria, you can add an index for that column to improve the search performance. To add an index, you can use the "CREATE INDEX" statement ...
2018-02-14, 2485🔥, 0💬

Testing Table for SELECT Statements in SQL Server
How To Create a Testing Table with Test Data to try with SELECT statements in SQL Server? If you want to follow the tutorial exercises presented in this collection, you need to create a testing table and insert some test data, as shown in the following sample script: CREATE TABLE fyi_links (id INTEG...
2016-10-26, 2485🔥, 0💬

Creating a New Table in MySQL
How To Create a New Table in MySQL? If you want to create a table, you can run the CREATE TABLE statement as shown in the following sample script: &lt;?php include "mysql_connection.php"; $sql = "CREATE TABLE fyi_links (" . " id INTEGER NOT NULL" . ", url VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL" . ", notes VARCHAR...
2017-10-08, 2484🔥, 0💬

Pass a Parameter to a Cursor in Oracle
How To Pass a Parameter to a Cursor in Oracle? When you define a cursor, you can set a formal parameter in the cursor. The formal parameter will be replaced by an actual parameter in the OPEN cursor statement. Here is a good example of a cursor with two parameters: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE FYI_CE...
2018-07-18, 2483🔥, 0💬

Add Another Datafile to a Tablespace in Oracle
How To Add Another Datafile to a Tablespace in Oracle? If you created a tablespace with a data file a month ago, now 80% of the data file is used, you should add another data file to the tablespace. This can be done by using the ALTER TABLESPACE ... ADD DATAFILE statement. See the following sample s...
2019-04-09, 2482🔥, 0💬

Sort Query Output in Descending Order in Oracle
How To Sort Query Output in Descending Order in Oracle? If you want to sort a column in descending order, you can specify the DESC keyword in the ORDER BY clause. The following SELECT statement first sorts the department in descending order, then sorts the salary in ascending order: SQL&gt; SELE...
2019-12-19, 2480🔥, 0💬

Violation of Unique Value Constraint in MySQL
What Happens If Unique Value Constraints Are Violated in MySQL? If you are inserting a new record that has values violating a unique constraint, you will get an error. Note that primary key column has a unique value constraint by default. The following tutorial exercise gives you some good examples:...
2018-01-16, 2480🔥, 0💬

Use Group Functions in ORDER BY Clause in Oracle
Can Group Functions Be Used in the ORDER BY Clause in Oracle? If the query output is aggregated as groups, you can sort the groups by using group functions in the ORDER BY clause. The following statement returns how many employees are having the same salary in each department. The group output is so...
2019-10-27, 2479🔥, 0💬

Retrieving the Last Sequence ID in MySQL
How To Get the Last ID Assigned by MySQL in MySQL? If you use an ID column with AUTO_INCREMENT attribute, you can use the mysql_insert_id() function to get the last ID value assigned by the MySQL server, as shown in the sample script below: &lt;?php include "mysql_connection.php"; $sql = "INSERT...
2017-09-12, 2478🔥, 0💬

Define a Data Field as NOT NULL in Oracle
How To Define a Data Field as NOT NULL in Oracle? When defining a specific RECORD type, you can define a data field as NOT NULL to make sure variables with this RECORD type to always have values in this field. A field defined as NOT NULL must have a default value. Here is a tutorial script showing y...
2018-09-01, 2477🔥, 0💬

What Are DML Statements in MySQL
What Are DML Statements in MySQL? DML (Data Manipulation Language) statements are statements to change data values in database tables. The are 3 primary DML statements: INSERT - Inserting new rows into database tables. UPDATE - Updating existing rows in database tables . DELETE - Deleting existing r...
2018-01-24, 2477🔥, 0💬

System Databases Used by SQL Servers in SQL Server
What are system databases in SQL Server? System databases are created by the SQL Server itself during the installation process. System databases are used by the SQL server to help manage other user databases and client execution sessions. SQL Server 2005 Express Edition uses 4 system databases: mast...
2016-11-20, 2477🔥, 0💬

Inner Join with the WHERE Clause in MySQL
How To Write an Inner Join with the WHERE Clause in MySQL? If you don't want to use the INNER JOIN ... ON clause to write an inner join, you can put the join condition in the WHERE clause as shown in the following query example: mysql&gt; SELECT l.id, l.url, r.comment FROM fyi_links l, fyi_rates...
2017-09-28, 2476🔥, 0💬

Converting Numeric Expressions from One Data Type to Another in SQL Server
How To Convert a Numeric Expression from One Data Type to Another in SQL Server Transact-SQL? There are 4 ways to convert a numeric expression from one data type to another data type: Implicit conversion by arithmetic operations - When arithmetic operations are performed on expressions of different ...
2017-03-27, 2475🔥, 0💬

"IS NULL" - Testing NULL Values in SQL Server
How To Test NULL Values Properly in SQL Server Transact-SQL? From previous tutorials, you learned that comparing expressions with NULL will always result NULL. So you can not use comparison operators to test if an expression represents a NULL value or not. To test expressions for NULL values, you sh...
2017-02-03, 2475🔥, 0💬

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