General MySQL Oracle SQL Server

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What Is a Server Parameter File in Oracle
What Is a Server Parameter File in Oracle? A server parameter file is a binary file that acts as a repository for initialization parameters. The server parameter file can reside on the machine where the Oracle database server executes. Initialization parameters stored in a server parameter file are ... 2020-07-07, 2962🔥, 0💬

Increment Dates by 1 in Oracle
How To Increment Dates by 1 in Oracle? If you have a date, and you want to increment it by 1. You can do this by adding the date with a date interval. You can also do this by adding the number 1 directly on the date. The tutorial example below shows you how to adding numbers to dates, and take date ... 2020-03-15, 2961🔥, 0💬

What Is Transport Network Substrate in Oracle
What Is Transport Network Substrate (TNS) in Oracle? TNS, Transport Network Substrate, is a foundation technology, built into the Oracle Net foundation layer that works with any standard network transport protocol.   ⇒ What Is ODBC in Oracle ⇐ What Is SQL*Plus in Oracle ⇑ Oracle Database Basic Conc... 2025-09-30, 2956🔥, 1💬

What Is a SQL*Loader Control File in Oracle
What Is a SQL*Loader Control File in Oracle? A SQL*Loader control file a text that defines how data files should be loaded into the database. It allows you to specify: Where is the input data file. The format of the input date file. The target table where the data should be loaded. How input data fi... 2016-11-27, 2954🔥, 0💬

Assign Query Results to Variables in Oracle
How To Assign Query Results to Variables in Oracle? If you want to assign results from SELECT statements to variables, you can use the INTO clause, which an extension of SELECT statements for PL/SQL. The sample code below shows some good example on INTO clause: DECLARE total NUMBER; now DATE; fname ... 2018-09-24, 2950🔥, 0💬

What Is Oracle Database 10g Express Edition in Oracle
What Is Oracle Database 10g Express Edition in Oracle? Based on Oracle Web site: Oracle Database 10g Express Edition (Oracle Database XE) is an entry-level, small-footprint database based on the Oracle Database 10g Release 2 code base that's free to develop, deploy, and distribute; fast to download;... 2020-05-15, 2942🔥, 0💬

Indexes for the PRIMARY KEY Column in Oracle
What Is an Index Associated with a Constraint in Oracle? An index associated with a constraint because this constraint is required to have an index. There are two types of constraints are required to have indexes: UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY. When you defines a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint in a table... 2019-05-01, 2940🔥, 0💬

What Is a Connect Identifier in Oracle
What Is a Connect Identifier in Oracle? A "connect identifier" is an identification string of a single set of connection information to a specific target database instance on a specific Oracle server. Connect identifiers are defined and stored in a file called tnsnames.ora located in $ORACLE_HOME/ne... 2020-08-13, 2935🔥, 0💬

Call Procedure or Function Recursively in Oracle
Can Sub Procedure/Function Be Called Recursively in Oracle? PL/SQL allows sub procedures or functions to be called recursively. The tutorial example below shows you how to calculate factorial values with a recursive sub function: SQL&gt; CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE FACTORIAL_TEST AS 2 FUNCTION F... 2018-03-18, 2933🔥, 0💬

Retrieve the Count of Updated Rows in Oracle
How To Retrieve the Count of Updated Rows in Oracle? After running an UPDATE statement, the database server returns a count of updated rows. You can retrieve this count from a special predefined variable called SQL%ROWCOUT, as shown in the following tutorial: CREATE TABLE emp_temp AS SELECT * FROM e... 2018-09-13, 2932🔥, 0💬

Concatenate Two Text Values in Oracle
How To Concatenate Two Text Values in Oracle? There are two ways to concatenate two text values together: CONCAT() function. '||' operation. Here is some examples on how to use them: SELECT 'FYI' || 'Center' || '.com' FROM DUAL; FYICenter.com SELECT CONCAT('FYICenter','.com') FROM DUAL; FYICenter.co... 2019-12-02, 2931🔥, 0💬

What Is NULL Value in Oracle
What Is NULL Value in Oracle? NULL is a special value representing "no value" in all data types. NULL can be used on in operations like other values. But most operations has special rules when NULL is involved. The tutorial exercise below shows you some examples: SET NULL 'NULL'; -- Make sure NULL i... 2019-12-02, 2921🔥, 0💬

Create a Test Table for Transaction Testing in Oracle
How To Create a Test Table for Transaction Testing in Oracle? If you want to practice DML statements, you should create a testing table as shown in the script below: &gt;cd (OracleXE home directory) &gt;.\bin\sqlplus /nolog SQL&gt; connect HR/fyicenter Connected. SQL&gt; CREATE TABLE... 2019-09-04, 2915🔥, 0💬

Differences between INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH and INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND in Oracle
What Are the Differences between INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH and INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND in Oracle? The main differences between INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH and INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND are: INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH stores values as time intervals at the month level. INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND stores values as time in... 2020-04-25, 2912🔥, 0💬

Privilege to Create Tables in Oracle
What Privilege Is Needed for a User to Create Tables in Oracle? To be able to create tables in a user's own schema, the user needs to have the CREATE TABLE privilege, or the CREATE ANY TABLE privilege, which is more powerful, and allows the user to create tables in other user's schema. The following... 2019-06-29, 2906🔥, 0💬

Set Up Breakpoints in Debug Mode in Oracle
How To Set Up Breakpoints in Debug Mode in Oracle? To debug a stored procedure, you need to set breakpoints at different statements in the code block, so that execution will be stopped at the statement marked with a breakpoint. When execution is stopped, you can then investigate different variables ... 2018-12-26, 2899🔥, 0💬

Load Data with SQL*Loader in Oracle
How To Load Data with SQL*Loader in Oracle? Let's say you have a table defined as: CREATE TABLE student (id NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY, first_name VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL, last_name VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL, birth_date DATE NOT NULL, social_number VARCHAR(80) UNIQUE NOT NULL); There is an input data file stored... 2016-11-27, 2894🔥, 0💬

Disk Space Needed for an Export Job in Oracle
How To Estimate Disk Space Needed for an Export Job in Oracle? If you just want to know how much disk space for the dump without actually exporting any data, you can use the ESTIMATE_ONLY=y parameter on the expdp command. The following tutorial exercise shows you how a system user wants to see the d... 2016-10-15, 2888🔥, 0💬

Limitations of Oracle Database 10g XE in Oracle
What Are the Limitations of Oracle Database 10g XE in Oracle? Oracle Database XE is free for runtime usage with the following limitations: Supports up to 4GB of user data (in addition to Oracle system data) Single instance only of Oracle Database XE on any server May be installed on a multiple CPU s... 2020-05-05, 2886🔥, 0💬

Create an Array in PL/SQL in Oracle
How To Create an Array in PL/SQL in Oracle? If you want create an array data structure, you can use the collection type VARRAY. VARRAY stands for Variable Array. Here is a sample script on how to use VARRAY: SQL&gt; set serveroutput on; SQL&gt; DECLARE 2 TYPE list IS VARRAY(3) OF VARCHAR(16)... 2019-03-08, 2875🔥, 0💬

Return Top 5 Rows in Oracle
How To Return Top 5 Rows in Oracle? If you want the query to return only the first 5 rows, you can use the pseudo column called ROWNUM in the WHERE clause. ROWNUM contains the row number of each returning row from the query. The following statement returns the first 5 rows from the employees table: ... 2019-09-16, 2862🔥, 0💬

Understanding SQL Language Basics for Oracle
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on SQL Language Basics for Oracle? Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team on SQL Language Basics for Oracle. Clear answers are provided with tutorial exercises on data types, data literals,... 2020-05-29, 2861🔥, 0💬

Insert Multiple Rows with 1 INSERT Statement in Oracle
How To Insert Multiple Rows with One INSERT Statement in Oracle? If you want to insert multiple rows with a single INSERT statement, you can use a subquery instead of the VALUES clause. Rows returned from the subquery will be inserted the target table. The following tutorial exercise gives a good ex... 2020-01-29, 2861🔥, 0💬

Built-in Internal User Accounts in Oracle
What Are Internal User Account in Oracle? An internal user account is a system predefined user account. Oracle 10g XE comes with a number of internal accounts: SYSTEM - This is the user account that you log in with to perform all administrative functions other than starting up and shutting down the ... 2019-07-21, 2857🔥, 0💬

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General MySQL Oracle SQL Server