General MySQL Oracle SQL Server

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User Role: Group of Privileges in Oracle
What Is a User Role in Oracle? A user role is a group of privileges. Privileges are assigned to users through user roles. You create new roles, grant privileges to the roles, and then grant roles to users.   ⇒ System Defined User Roles in Oracle ⇐ User Account and Schema: One-to-One Relation in Ora... 2019-07-30, 2552🔥, 0💬

ALTER INDEX - Rename an Index in Oracle
How To Rename an Index in Oracle? Let's say you have an existing index, and you don't like its name anymore for some reason, you can rename it with the ALTER INDEX ... RENAME TO statement. Here is an example script on how to rename an index: CREATE TABLE student (id NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY, first_name... 2020-02-20, 2549🔥, 0💬

What Is a SQL*Loader Control File in Oracle
What Is a SQL*Loader Control File in Oracle? A SQL*Loader control file a text that defines how data files should be loaded into the database. It allows you to specify: Where is the input data file. The format of the input date file. The target table where the data should be loaded. How input data fi... 2016-11-27, 2539🔥, 0💬

Differences between INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH and INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND in Oracle
What Are the Differences between INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH and INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND in Oracle? The main differences between INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH and INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND are: INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH stores values as time intervals at the month level. INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND stores values as time in... 2020-04-25, 2520🔥, 0💬

Database Table: Rows of Columns in Oracle
What Is a Database Table in Oracle? A database table is a basic unit of data logical storage in an Oracle database. Data is stored in rows and columns. You define a table with a table name, such as employees, and a set of columns. You give each column a column name, such as employee_id, last_name, a... 2019-06-01, 2514🔥, 0💬

Load Data with SQL*Loader in Oracle
How To Load Data with SQL*Loader in Oracle? Let's say you have a table defined as: CREATE TABLE student (id NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY, first_name VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL, last_name VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL, birth_date DATE NOT NULL, social_number VARCHAR(80) UNIQUE NOT NULL); There is an input data file stored... 2016-11-27, 2513🔥, 0💬

Create an Array in PL/SQL in Oracle
How To Create an Array in PL/SQL in Oracle? If you want create an array data structure, you can use the collection type VARRAY. VARRAY stands for Variable Array. Here is a sample script on how to use VARRAY: SQL&gt; set serveroutput on; SQL&gt; DECLARE 2 TYPE list IS VARRAY(3) OF VARCHAR(16)... 2019-03-08, 2502🔥, 0💬

What Is NULL Value in Oracle
What Is NULL Value in Oracle? NULL is a special value representing "no value" in all data types. NULL can be used on in operations like other values. But most operations has special rules when NULL is involved. The tutorial exercise below shows you some examples: SET NULL 'NULL'; -- Make sure NULL i... 2019-12-02, 2500🔥, 0💬

Run SQL*Plus Commands in SQL Developer in Oracle
How To Run SQL*Plus Commands in SQL Developer in Oracle? Most of the time, you only run SQL statements in SQL Worksheet, the SQL statement area. But you can also run some SQL*Plus commands in SQL Worksheet. The example below shows you how to run the DECRIBE command in SQL Developer: Go to SQL Worksh... 2018-10-08, 2492🔥, 0💬

Change Settings in Binary SPFile in Oracle
What To Do If the Binary SPFile Is Wrong for the Default Instance in Oracle? Let's say the SPFile for the default instance is a binary file, and some settings are wrong in the SPFile, like SGA setting is bellow 20MB, how do you change a setting in the binary file? This seems to be a hard task, becau... 2020-09-15, 2486🔥, 0💬

What Is Oracle Database 10g Express Edition in Oracle
What Is Oracle Database 10g Express Edition in Oracle? Based on Oracle Web site: Oracle Database 10g Express Edition (Oracle Database XE) is an entry-level, small-footprint database based on the Oracle Database 10g Release 2 code base that's free to develop, deploy, and distribute; fast to download;... 2020-05-15, 2480🔥, 0💬

ALTER TABLE - Add a New Column in Oracle
How To Add a New Column to an Existing Table in Oracle? If you have an existing table with existing data rows, and want to add a new column to that table, you can use the ALTER TABLE ... ADD statement to do this. Here is an example script: SQL&gt; connect HR/fyicenter Connected. SQL&gt; CREA... 2020-02-29, 2474🔥, 0💬

What Is a Server Parameter File in Oracle
What Is a Server Parameter File in Oracle? A server parameter file is a binary file that acts as a repository for initialization parameters. The server parameter file can reside on the machine where the Oracle database server executes. Initialization parameters stored in a server parameter file are ... 2020-07-07, 2472🔥, 0💬

Understanding SQL Language Basics for Oracle
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on SQL Language Basics for Oracle? Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team on SQL Language Basics for Oracle. Clear answers are provided with tutorial exercises on data types, data literals,... 2020-05-29, 2472🔥, 0💬

Assign Query Results to Variables in Oracle
How To Assign Query Results to Variables in Oracle? If you want to assign results from SELECT statements to variables, you can use the INTO clause, which an extension of SELECT statements for PL/SQL. The sample code below shows some good example on INTO clause: DECLARE total NUMBER; now DATE; fname ... 2018-09-24, 2472🔥, 0💬

Delete a Column in an Existing Table in Oracle
How To Delete a Column in an Existing Table in Oracle? If you have an existing column in a table and you need that column any more, you can delete it with ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN statement. Here is an example SQL script: SQL&gt; CREATE TABLE emp_dept_90 2 AS SELECT * FROM employees WHERE dep... 2019-05-25, 2465🔥, 0💬

What Is a Connect Identifier in Oracle
What Is a Connect Identifier in Oracle? A "connect identifier" is an identification string of a single set of connection information to a specific target database instance on a specific Oracle server. Connect identifiers are defined and stored in a file called tnsnames.ora located in $ORACLE_HOME/ne... 2020-08-13, 2463🔥, 0💬

Create an Initialization Parameter File in Oracle
How To Create an Initialization Parameter File in Oracle? This is Step 3. To run an Oracle database as an Oracle instance, you need to create an initialization parameter file, which contains a set of initialization parameters. The easiest way to create an initialization parameter file to copy from t... 2019-04-03, 2453🔥, 0💬

Indexes for the PRIMARY KEY Column in Oracle
What Is an Index Associated with a Constraint in Oracle? An index associated with a constraint because this constraint is required to have an index. There are two types of constraints are required to have indexes: UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY. When you defines a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint in a table... 2019-05-01, 2452🔥, 0💬

Call Procedure or Function Recursively in Oracle
Can Sub Procedure/Function Be Called Recursively in Oracle? PL/SQL allows sub procedures or functions to be called recursively. The tutorial example below shows you how to calculate factorial values with a recursive sub function: SQL&gt; CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE FACTORIAL_TEST AS 2 FUNCTION F... 2018-03-18, 2448🔥, 0💬

Execution Flow Control Statements in Oracle
What Are the Execution Flow Control Statements in Oracle? PL/SQL supports three groups of execution control statements: IF Statements - Conditionally executes a block of statements. CASE Statements - Selectively executes a block of statements. LOOP Statements - Repeatedly executes a block of stateme... 2019-03-27, 2443🔥, 1💬

Limitations of Oracle Database 10g XE in Oracle
What Are the Limitations of Oracle Database 10g XE in Oracle? Oracle Database XE is free for runtime usage with the following limitations: Supports up to 4GB of user data (in addition to Oracle system data) Single instance only of Oracle Database XE on any server May be installed on a multiple CPU s... 2020-05-05, 2442🔥, 0💬

What Is ODBC in Oracle
What Is Open Database Communication (ODBC) in Oracle? ODBC, Open Database Communication, a standard API (application program interface) developed by Microsoft for Windows applications to communicate with database management systems. Oracle offers ODBC drivers to allow Windows applications to connect... 2020-05-15, 2441🔥, 0💬

Built-in Tablespaces in a Database in Oracle
What Are the Predefined Tablespaces in a Database in Oracle? When you create a new database, Oracle server will create 4 required tablespaces for the new database: SYSTEM Tablespace - Every Oracle database contains a tablespace named SYSTEM, which Oracle creates automatically when the database is cr... 2019-01-20, 2435🔥, 0💬

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General MySQL Oracle SQL Server