General MySQL Oracle SQL Server

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Enter Comments in PL/SQL in Oracle
How To Enter Comments in PL/SQL in Oracle? There are two ways to enter comments into PL/SQL codes: SQL Statement Style: Starts you comment any where in the line but prefixed with '--'. The comment ends at the end of the line. C Language Style: Starts you comment any where in the line with '/*' and e... 2018-12-26, 1745🔥, 0💬

Create a Server Parameter File in Oracle
How To Create a Server Parameter File in Oracle? This is Step 5. The initialization parameter file is good to get an Oracle database instance started. But it is not ideal run an instance as production. You need to convert the initialization parameter file into a Server Parameter File (SPFile) using ... 2018-05-08, 1744🔥, 0💬

Types of PL/SQL Code Blocks in Oracle
What Are the Types PL/SQL Code Blocks in Oracle? There are 3 types of PL/SQL code blocks: Anonymous Block - A block of codes with no name. It may contain a declaration part, an execution part, and exception handlers. Stored Program Unit - A block of codes with a name. It is similar to an anonymous b... 2018-10-30, 1743🔥, 0💬

Oracle Data File - Unit of Physical Storage in Oracle
What Is an Oracle Data File in Oracle? An Oracle data file is a big unit of physical storage in the OS file system. One or many Oracle data files are organized together to provide physical storage to a single Oracle tablespace.   ⇒ Relations between a Tablespace and Data Files in Oracle ⇐ Oracle Ta... 2019-01-20, 1741🔥, 0💬

Add a New Column to an Existing Table with a Default Value in Oracle
How To Add a New Column to an Existing Table with a Default Value in Oracle? If you want to add a new column to an existing table, and insert a default value in this column on all existing data rows, you can use the ALTER TABLE ... ADD statement with the DEFAULT clause. Here is an example script: SQ... 2019-05-25, 1739🔥, 0💬

Understanding PL/SQL Language Basics
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on Understanding PL/SQL Language Basics? Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team on Understanding PL/SQL Language Basics. It can also be used as learning tutorials on defining variables, ass... 2018-12-26, 1733🔥, 0💬

Quickest Way to Export Data to a Flat File in Oracle
What Is the Quickest Way to Export a Table to a Flat File in Oracle? The quickest way to export a table to a flat file is probably to use the SQL*Plus SPOOL command. It allows you to record SELECT query result to a text file on the operating system. The following tutorial exercise shows you how cont... 2018-06-27, 1729🔥, 0💬

Transaction Rollback When Session Killed in Oracle
What Happens to the Current Transaction If the Session Is Killed in Oracle? If a session is killed by the DBA, the current transaction in that session will be rolled back and ended. All the database changes made in the current transaction will be removed. This is called an implicit rollback when ses... 2019-08-23, 1727🔥, 0💬

Modes of Data Dump Export and Import in Oracle
What Are Data Pump Export and Import Modes in Oracle? Data Pump export and import modes are used to determine the type and portions of database to be exported and imported. Oracle 10g supports 5 export and import modes: Full: Exports and imports a full database. Use the FULL parameter to specify thi... 2016-10-15, 1725🔥, 0💬

Text Literals in Oracle
How To Write Text Literals in Oracle? There are several ways to write text literals as shown in the following samples: SELECT 'FYICenter.com' FROM DUAL -- The most common format FYICenter.com SELECT 'It''s Sunday!' FROM DUAL -- Single quote escaped It's Sunday! SELECT N'Allo, C''est moi.' FROM DUAL ... 2020-04-14, 1724🔥, 0💬

Oracle Built-in Data Types in Oracle
What Are the Oracle Built-in Data Types in Oracle? There are 20 Oracle built-in data types, divided into 6 groups: Character Datatypes - CHAR, NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, VARCHAR2 Number Datatypes - NUMBER, BINARY_FLOAT, BINARY_DOUBLE Long and Row Datatypes - LONG, LONG RAW, RAW Datetime Datatypes - DATE, TIM... 2020-05-29, 1720🔥, 0💬

ODBC Drivers and DSN Configuration for Oracle
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on ODBC Drivers, DSN Configuration and ASP Connection for Oracle? Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team ODBC Drivers, DSN Configuration and ASP Connection for Oracle. Clear answers are pro... 2016-10-15, 1718🔥, 0💬

Ways to End the Current Transaction in Oracle
How To End the Current Transaction in Oracle? There are several ways the current transaction can be ended: Running the COMMIT statement will explicitly end the current transaction. Running the ROLLBACK statement will explicitly end the current transaction. Running any DDL statement will implicitly e... 2019-09-04, 1716🔥, 0💬

What Is a Function in Oracle
What Is a Function in Oracle? A function is a named program unit. It consists of three parts: Declaration Part - Defining the function name, calling parameters, return value type, local variables and local procedures. Declaration part is required. Execution Part - Defining execution logic with execu... 2018-01-27, 1715🔥, 0💬

Start the Default Instance in Oracle
How To Use "startup" Command to Start Default Instance in Oracle? If you logged in to the server as a SYSDBA, you start the default instance with the "startup" command. Here is how to start the default instance in SQL*Plus in SYSDBA mode: &gt;.\bin\sqlplus Enter user-name: SYSTEM/fyicenter AS SY... 2020-09-15, 1714🔥, 0💬

Show the Server Version in Oracle
How To Check the Server Version in Oracle? Oracle server version information is stored in a table called: PRODUCT_COMPONENT_VERSION. You can use a simple SELECT statement to view the version information like this: &gt;.\bin\sqlplus Enter user-name: SYSTEM/fyicenter AS SYSDBA Connected to an idle... 2020-09-15, 1712🔥, 0💬

Verify Oracle TNS Settings in Oracle
How To Verify Oracle TNS Settings in Oracle? If you have installed an Oracle server or an Oracle client tool on your local system, the TNS is automatically installed with a simple configuration file, tnsnames.ora, to define Oracle connect identifiers. For example, if you have Oracle XE server instal... 2016-10-15, 1712🔥, 0💬

Pass Parameters to Procedures in Oracle
How To Pass Parameters to Procedures in Oracle? Store procedures or functions can take parameters. You need to define parameters while defining the procedure, and providing values to parameters while calling the procedure. The script below shows you how to do this: SQL&gt; CREATE OR REPLACE PROC... 2018-11-11, 1709🔥, 0💬

Understanding SQL DML Statements for Oracle
Where to find answers to frequently asked questions on SQL DML Statements for Oracle. I want insert and delete data in tables. Here is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers compiled by FYIcenter.com DBA team on SQL DML Statements for Oracle. Clear answers are provided with tutorial ... 2020-02-07, 1708🔥, 0💬

Differences between CHAR and NCHAR in Oracle
What Are the Differences between CHAR and NCHAR in Oracle? Both CHAR and NCHAR are fixed length character data types. But they have the following differences: CHAR's size is specified in bytes by default. NCHAR's size is specified in characters by default. A character could be 1 byte to 4 bytes long... 2020-04-25, 1707🔥, 0💬

Change User Password in Oracle
How To Change User Password in Oracle? If you want to change a user's password, you can log in as SYSTEM and use the ALTER USER command as shown in the following example: &gt;.\bin\sqlplus /nolog SQL&gt; connect SYSTEM/fyicenter Connected. SQL&gt; ALTER USER DEV IDENTIFIED BY beginner; U... 2019-07-09, 1707🔥, 0💬

Bring a Tablespace Offline in Oracle
How To Bring a Tablespace Offline in Oracle? If you want to stop users using a tablespace, you can bring it offline using the ALTER TABLESPACE ... OFFLINE statement as shown in the following script: SQL&gt; connect HR/fyicenter Connected. SQL&gt; CREATE TABLESPACE my_space 2 DATAFILE '/temp/... 2019-01-01, 1705🔥, 0💬

Differences between CHAR and VARCHAR in Oracle
What Are the Differences between CHAR and VARCHAR2 in Oracle? The main differences between CHAR and VARCHAR2 are: CHAR stores values in fixed lengths. Values are padded with space characters to match the specified length. VARCHAR2 stores values in variable lengths. Values are not padded with any cha... 2020-04-25, 1703🔥, 0💬

Divide Query Output into Groups in Oracle
How To Divide Query Output into Groups in Oracle? You can divide query output into multiple groups with the GROUP BY clause. It allows you specify a column as the grouping criteria, so that rows with the same value in the column will be considered as a single group. When the GROUP BY clause is speci... 2019-11-21, 1699🔥, 0💬

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General MySQL Oracle SQL Server